The Achilles tendon, located at the back of the lower leg and ankle, is crucial for movement, connecting the calf muscles to the heel. Its remarkable strength enables us to exert forces up to 10 times our body weight.

‍

A tear in the Achilles tendon, also known as a rupture, typically involves a complete gap between its upper and lower sections. While it commonly occurs 2-3 inches above the heel bone, it can also happen at the attachment point or higher up the leg.

‍

Symptoms

Symptoms often manifest during activities like running, jumping, or due to trauma such as slipping and falling. Patients often describe hearing a "pop" or feeling like they were struck in the back of the ankle, followed by pain. Weakness while pushing off the foot during walking or standing on tiptoe is common after the tear, sometimes accompanied by a small bruise on the inside of the heel.

‍

Diagnosis

Diagnosis involves a physical examination, where the ankle's position and response to pressure indicate the tendon's integrity. Special tests like ultrasound, X-rays, and MRI scans may assist in diagnosis.

‍

Treatments

Treatment options, both surgical and non-surgical, are available. Surgical repair of the Achilles tendon is believed to provide greater strength and reduce the risk of re-tearing, but it comes with potential complications. Non-surgical treatment involves rest, bracing, and gradual rehabilitation under the guidance of a physical therapist.

‍

Recovery

Recovery from an Achilles tendon tear is gradual, with full strength and normal sensation potentially taking over a year to return. Prevention strategies, including stretching exercises and avoiding smoking, may help reduce the risk of injury.

‍

Prevention

Achilles tendon tears are such an uncommon occurrence that there has been a definitive study addressing this question thoroughly. While it seems reasonable to implement a stretching regimen for the Achilles tendon, the tangible benefits haven;t been adequately demonstrated. Nevertheless, there’s no harm in incorporating tendon stretching into every athlete’s warm-up routine. It’s advisable to steer clear of smoking since the detrimental impact of cigarettes on tendon health is well-documented. 

‍

Post-surgical considerations

Patients with a history of Achilles tendon tear have a 6% chance of experiencing the same injury on the other foot. Early range-of-motion exercises and weight-bearing on the injured leg, balanced with caution to prevent further damage, can aid in faster healing. Smoking cessation during the healing process is also beneficial.

‍