A hammertoe, characterized by a toe bending upward in the middle like a hammer, can cause discomfort and hinder mobility. This deformity often leads to friction with shoes or irritation when pressed against surfaces. It may also be accompanied by joint contracture at the toe's base and can coincide with other foot issues like bunions.
Non-Surgical Options
Initial treatment typically involves padding the affected toe and modifying footwear. However, if pain persists, normal activities become challenging, or shoe wear remains uncomfortable, surgery may be considered. The primary objective of hammertoe surgery is to correct the deformity and alleviate associated pain.
Assessment and Considerations
Individuals with active infections, circulation issues, or serious medical conditions may not be suitable candidates for surgery. A thorough discussion of medical history with Dr. Kamel is crucial before proceeding with hammertoe surgery. Most procedures are outpatient, with options for general anesthesia or nerve block to numb the foot temporarily.
Treatment Techniques
The surgical approach depends on the specific toe and toe's flexibility, determined during examination.
- Flexible Hammertoe: Treatable through procedures like ligament and tendon lengthening or detachment, often involving tendon transfers to stabilize the joint and prevent further bending.
- Fixed (Stiff) Hammertoe: Requires removal of bone in addition to tendon and ligament adjustments, with options for temporary pin fixation or joint fusion using screws or implants to maintain alignment.
Recovery Process
Post-surgery, weight-bearing is typically permitted without aids, though special shoes or boots may be necessary. Elevating the foot above heart level helps reduce swelling during initial recovery. Stitches are typically removed after 2-3 weeks, and if pins were inserted, they are extracted in-office shortly after. Physical therapy exercises may be prescribed to enhance flexibility and mobility. Swelling and discomfort may persist for several months post-surgery.
Risks and Complications
Potential complications, including those associated with anesthesia, infection, and nerve damage, are inherent to all surgeries. Specific to hammertoe surgery, risks include recurrence of the deformity, perceived instability of the toe, or failure of bone fusion. While these complications are rare, it's essential to discuss them with the surgeon beforehand.
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